The author shows the urgent dependence of the limits and contents of the object of economic research on cognition possibilities of the available methodological tools; he justifies the possibility and necessity to overcome the crisis in economic science by enriching its method with achievement of modern natural and social sciences; the article provides a characteristic of the natural development cycle in economic science consisting in consecutive change of the following four phases:formation of methodological system and selection of adequate object; indepth investigation of the selected object; crisis of the methodological system reflected in the increase in unexplained or neglected issues and its solution; and search and selection of a new object, which is adequate to the new method.

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The author investigates the mechanism of institutional changes including a stable institutional core, institutional innovations and destruction of institutes as reflections of the endogenous processes of their historical aging or stochastic, by their nature, shocks of endogenous character. The article considers the role of functional ties as a kind of "immunity forces" defending the system from unauthorized entry of destructive institutional influences from outside. The author proves that failures in the settled ties infringe the measure of unity of the institutes and their functions, causing the whole system to lose integrity and selfsufficiency and opens for perception of new information and formation of a new systemic quality

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The article deals with the role of institutes in the formation and realization of the freedom of economic units. The authors show the influence of the unit’s rational choice on the development of social values and institutional order. They reveal the place of property, professionalism and innovations in the mechanisms of subjectivation of the economic institutes.

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The authors consider the causes of the global financial crisis and peculiarities of its manifestation in Ukraine. They justify the conclusion on the necessity to submit the current anti-crisis measures to the prospective goals of the creation of a well balanced system of financial institutions.

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Fundamental problems of international standards of banking regulation and supervision related to their cyclical nature and limitations of micro-structural approach are scrutinized. The authors argue that such an approach leaves out of the regulatory framework the threats to financial stability in global environment – the systemic risks. The need to alter the paradigm of the regulation is emphasized and methodological approaches to the assessment of systemic risks are developed.

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The author theoretically justifies the role of the introduction of innovations as the most efficient direction leading the economy out of the crisis condition. The article considers the ways to realize innovation policy within the system of measures of the state antirecessionary management. Proposals are designed to adjust the Program of the economic reforms in Ukraine for 2010–2014.

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The article systematizes the contradicting content of casual relations between the agents’ market freedom and Institutional enrichment of economic systems under global transformations. The authors consider the impact of the institutional conditions of economic management on the formation of subject potential of an economic system of transformation type. The article shows the main levels of subjectivity in the economy and their connection with the functioning market mechanisms, which are the basis of efficient distribution of social risks between state, enterprises and households. The authors justify various measures to revive the use of the subject potential in Ukraine’s economy, such as raising the quality of social goods provided by the state, encouraging the development of small and medium size business, protection of national producers and diverse development of the domestic market

Keywords:global transformations, competitiveness, encouraging business, protection of national producers

The article reveals the internal contradictions between the debt and institutional components of state regulation of the economy. Shown the threats for Ukraine from the abandonment of the principles of Washington Consensus in terms of growth of endogenous and exogenous uncertainty of the national socio-economic development. Characterized social and institutional risks of the reversal of reforms in countries with unstable economies.

Keywords:institutions, national debt, socio-economic uncertainties, inability of markets reform, reversal of reforms.

The article defines benefits and risks of financial openness of the Ukrainian economy in the context of the implementation of the Agreement on association with the EU under conditions where the internal dimension of the institutional system does not coincide with the European dimension of the competi-tive environment. The author shows that the wide range of providers of modern financial services fills with the content such channels between the financial and real sectors as the credit and deposit chan-nels, collateral channel, and asset management channel.
The relative liquidity of the assets changes based on their attraction for foreign investment, there is an exogenous change in the relative prices of assets, which may be accompanied by a redistribution of the national wealth and economic power, including in the most contradictory forms, by the growth of exogenous and endogenous uncertainty. The author proves the expediency of use, in these condi-tions, of long-term instruments of national risk management based on economic sovereignty, deliber-ately chosen model of the national socio-economic development, including its values and institutional framework, and the stability of the national currency

Keywords:financial openness, debt burden, institutional potential, institutional risks, economic sovereignty, national risk management, effective competition, economic crisis

In the article, justice is seen as a stage of realization of value-determined expectations of subjects regard-ing their status, access to public resources, labor and income, and other essential terms and conditions of their life. It is proved that the adequate (efficient) level of equality depends on the value-and-institutional framework of the economy and phases of the cyclic economic development. It is shown that persistent deviations of justice are a condition for evolutionary changes, which are in their own way related to the 50-year evolution cycles of institutional systems. Therefore, under the conditions of crisis and unsustainable growth in Ukraine, social risks of reforms, which are oriented to global processes, can acquire a critical character. The author justifies the conclusion that limiting allowable marginal social risk from above should be a mandatory element of the national strategy for socio-economic development.

Keywords:efficiency, justice, cyclical economic and social development, institutional evolution, innovation, social risks.

The article considers the modern value-institutional and technological developments as such that deepen the gaps in socio-economic systems and generate new dimensions of inequality that cannot always be detected and identified. The author proves that inequality turns from the external background of the ongoing changes into one of the main sources of uncertainty in the further development of global economy. The conclusion is substantiated that an increasing burden falls on the society’s institutional mechanisms of inequality control and mitigation, in particular, on the system of affordable and high-quality public education and social services

Keywords:economic inequality, institutions, values, status, identity, social lifts, technological development, efficiency

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The article shows that one of the new trends in the structuring of society in the conditions of in-creasing uncertainty of socio-economic development is the formation of a medium class on the basis of a new social averaging of incomes and living standards that should set the limits to the dangerous washing out of the middle class and at the same time restrict the social, technological, financial and political power of new the elite groups. It is proved that one of the signs of the degen-eration of the middle class into the medium class is its transformation from a net lender to a net borrower of the banking system.
The gradual fade out of the institutions of social state under the pressure of severe financial con-straints, the tendency to increase socio-economic entropy, the persistent "trap of liquidity" in the economy, degradation of many value-institutional constraints, the transformation of innovation into the sole purpose of economic development inevitably leads to the erosion of the middle class as a hidden sub- cognitive core, which resulted in the highest level of mutual complementarity of eco-nomic efficiency and social justice. It is shown that affiliation with the medium class generates for the subject a wide range of alternatives, but today for their proper elaboration may lack the institutional competence, general knowledge and culture, professional abilities and capabilities.
In the future, the medium class will fill the historic niche of the middle class as a structural stabilizer of socio-economic development, but at the same time, more and more it will act as a responsible agent of other relations, less sustainable, more innovative and risky. The formation of the media class sets a vector for the development of the economic system, around which can be structured social elements that require new certainty, stability of social criteria and preferences, and the ability to build medium and long-term life strategies, which will contribute to achieving an adequate level of stability in society and economy.

Keywords:middle class, medium class, mediated subjectivity, social entropy, reflectivity, autonomy, social aver-aging, net borrower, vector of development

The article considers prerequisites and consequences of the institutional destructions in economy and society. It is proved that the integrative capacity of the institutional system depends on two main factors: the adequacy of the institutions of complexity and the dynamism of the environment in which the actors operate; and the adequacy of the institutional requirements to the level of institutional competence of the actors. The author justifies that the reason for the increase in the share of institutional anomalies and destructions in the world economy is the process of "blending" of values and value-like institutions as a consequence of the intense globalization, which led to chaotization of the criteria of acceptable and unacceptable social behavior. It is shown that the destruction of usual expectations compels business entities to form and implement the shortest possible plans, regardless of the medium or long-term consequences of their actions. At the same time, the self-survival of subjects as a massive pseudo-rational mode of action becomes an instrument of a systemic crisis that puts the economy on the brink of existence.

Keywords: institutional destruction, values, institutions, technologies, uncertainty, risks, socially necessary market time, socio-economic entropy

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Information technology and the formation of the global market have led to such destructive a complication of the environment, which generates global imbalances, the negative effects of conflict, reducing the level of institutionalization of the world economy, narrowing the time horizon of rational choice. This stimulates the search for alternatives to excessive complexity and conflict of development. The way out of this situation is localization based on the reproduction of identities. The desired effect of localization is the institutional provision of a more balanced distribution of resources / benefits of globalization, on the one hand, and the distribution of its risks and uncertainties, on the other. Identity is seen as the extreme level of structure of society, which is responsible for the integrity of social behavior of subjects as elements of the system.
The acceptable level of complexity of the global system is achieved in the ways of optimal localization. The basis of such localization is the recognition of the positive meaning of the identity factor, which generates different risk assess-ments, different time horizons of decision-making and different criteria for effective participation in globalization. The institutional mechanisms for the smart-localization of global development are economic sovereignty, institutional protection of the national producer, and social protection of the population. As a result, the global system has a choice of options to respond to challenges from uncertainty and threats. Globalization as unification and standardization is a more risky path because it limits variability and prevents the use of alternative cost estimation methods

Keywords:contradictions of globalization, institutions, identity, uncertainty, risks, hetero-geneity, localization, sovereignty, economic power

It is shown that the institutional environment of global markets was formed under the conditions of technological, financial and political dominance of certain leading countries, which caused today's gap between the integrating capacity of market and structural-institutional mechanisms of the global economy and its actual complexity and potential for conflict. The mechanism for reducing this gap was spontaneous localization as a modern simplification of the structure of the world economy due to massive conflicts and the rejection of a share of cooperative agreements.
The contribution to the deterioration of the quality of the institutional environment of the global economy of the process of regeneration of the debt institution is revealed. In the new institutional environment, the demand for liquidity (cash balances) as a function of the motive for foresight takes the twisted form of the demand for inventories, both production and consumer demand, exacerbating the global deficit. The conclusion is substantiated that the global economic power, which is not provided with global resources and value-institutional structures, is a source of uncertainty not only for competitors, but also for itself; the result of its functioning is the deepening of disparities and gaps, which can be partially hidden due to hypertrophied credit. It has been proven that the mutual strengthening of the phenomena of global economic power and hypertrophied credit carries the risk of destroying the social market foundations of economic freedom, trust and justice; this determines the demand for alternative models. It is shown that the criterion for the expediency of alternative models of global development in the conditions of unfolding contradictions between globalization and localization is the ability to more or less stable distribution of powers and responsibilities.

Keywords:global economy, localization, institutions, complexity, integrative capacity, conflicts, institutional communication

The author shows that identity as a historically given social reality develops under the inverse influence of the entire set of value-institutional resources of society generated by it, including its active subjectivity, integrating potential of national interest, process sovereignty, stable institutional structure and dynamic factor of exogenous reforms. The conclusion is substantiated that the imprint of relevance on the historical essence of the national identity adapts it to today’s needs, but at the same time there are limits of adaptation that the society cannot cross without losing its identity. Based on such an understanding, the author proves the possibility of consistently developing criteria for the coordinated use of internal trust tools as those that should be directly correlated with national identity: stability of the monetary unit, stability of the tax regime, stimulating state investment policy, social guarantee policy, and foreign economic strategy. This provides an opportunity to significantly increase the degree of coherence of the main areas of state regulatory policy.

Keywords:nationally rooted development, identity, national interest, sovereignty, institutional capacity, margin of variability

The author shows that identity as a historically given social reality develops under the inverse influence of the entire set of value-institutional resources of society generated by it, including its active subjectivity, integrating potential of national interest, process sovereignty, stable institutional structure and dynamic factor of exogenous reforms. The conclusion is substantiated that the imprint of relevance on the historical essence of the national identity adapts it to today’s needs, but at the same time there are limits of adaptation that the society cannot cross without losing its identity. Based on such an understanding, the author proves the possibility of consistently developing criteria for the coordinated use of internal trust tools as those that should be directly correlated with national identity: stability of the monetary unit, stability of the tax regime, stimulating state investment policy, social guarantee policy, and foreign economic strategy. This provides an opportunity to significantly increase the degree of coherence of the main areas of state regulatory policy.

Keywords:nationally rooted development, identity, national interest, sovereignty, institutional capacity, margin of variability